Evaluation of force-based and displacement-based out-of-plane seismic assessment methods for unreinforced masonry walls through refined model simulations     

Michele Godio  Katrin Beyer 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(4):454-475

The performance of force-based and displacement-based seismic assessment methods for the life-safety limit state check of out-of-plane loaded unreinforced masonry walls is evaluated on the basis of refined numerical simulations. For this purpose, a discrete element model of a vertically spanning wall is built and validated against experimental results from static and dynamic test conditions. The model is then analysed for a large range of wall configurations. For each configuration, a static pushover analysis and a series of incremental dynamic analyses are run, the latter permitting to determine the capacity of the wall under dynamic loading. The accuracy of the assessment methods in predicting the acceleration at which the walls collapse is evaluated. It is found that the displacement-based method is more accurate, robust, and safe than the force-based method. The comparison also shows that for walls characterised by a relatively high ratio of axial load to Euler's critical load, both assessment methods lead to an overestimation of the wall capacity. As a remedy, a modification to the methods based on a recently developed mechanical model is put forward and tested. For the force-based method, it is additionally suggested to set for walls with relatively high overburden ratios the behaviour factor equal to 1. To ensure reproducibility of this study, all input and output files of the numerical simulations are made publicly available.  相似文献   

地下结构抗震设计的改进等效反应加速度法     

禹海涛  张正伟  李攀 《岩土力学》2020,41(7):2401-2410

对地下结构横向抗震分析中的等效反应加速度法进行综合分析。结合算例，以动力时程法为基准，全面评价了等效反应加速度法的适用性；进而深入分析其误差来源，并做针对性改进优化，通过引入动力响应调整系数β，提出了一种改进等效反应加速度法；结合算例分析，评价了改进等效反应加速度法对不同工况的适用性。结果表明：等效反应加速度法计算所得结构内力及变形均偏小；且计算精度随地层剪切波速的增大整体呈上升趋势，但几乎不受结构埋深的影响；同时，明确了等效反应加速度法的误差源自于其忽略了地下结构对其周围土体动力响应的干扰作用，改进优化后提出了改进等效反应加速度法；相比现有等效反应加速度法，改进等效反应加速度法具有更广泛的适用性及更优的计算精度，可为地下结构抗震设计和分析提供新的计算方法。  相似文献   

长白山景区旅游安全风险动态评价研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙滢悦  杨青山  陈鹏 《地理科学》2019,39(5):770-778

以长白山景区旅游安全为研究对象,以鱼骨图、动态贝叶斯、GIS技术等为基本研究方法,从研究区自然环境、社会环境及责任人为3个方面出发,筛选景区致险因子,构建景区旅游安全风险危险性评价指标体系,利用动态贝叶斯方法综合构建景区旅游安全风险动态评价模型;并以实测数据及景区统计数据为依据,划分景区旅游安全风险评价的4个动态时段,综合实现景区旅游安全风险动态风险评价。研究结果表明：① 中等以上风险区域呈条带状分布;② 高风险区域与主要景点重合;③ 长白山景区安全风险发生高概率的时段发生在第三个时段（12:00~14:00）;较高概率发生分别在第二个时段（10:00~12:00）与第四个时段（14:00~16:00）;中等概率发生较高的时段在第四个时段（14:00~16:00）;较低概率发生在第一个时段（8:00~10:00）。  相似文献   

Analytical solution of seismic response of base-isolated structure with supplemental inerter     

Kun Ye  Shuai Shu  Liang Hu  Hongping Zhu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(9):1083-1090

Closed-form solutions are derived for the modal characteristics and seismic response of a base-isolated structure equipped with additional inerters. By simplifying the structure-isolator-inerter system in terms of the two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) model, the modal frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios, and participation factors of the system are derived. Consequently, analytical seismic response solutions are formulated by the modal superposition method. Utilizing these analytical solutions, an extensive parametric study has been carried out to investigate the effect of supplement inerters on both the modal characteristics and seismic response of the structure-isolator-inerter system. There is a critical inertance leading to the zero second modal participation factor (ie, the disappearance of the second modal response). The associated critical inertance ratio is derived in closed form as well. Moreover, it is observed that the reduction of deformation of isolators by increasing the inertance may be offset by the increase in relative displacements of the superstructure. To circumvent this adverse effect, an optimal range of inertance is identified whereby both the deformation of isolators and the relative displacement of the superstructure are mitigated concurrently.  相似文献   

半潜式浮式风机支撑平台首摇运动特性分析     

陈嘉豪  胡志强 《海洋工程》2019,37(1):20-28

借助FAST软件对OC4半潜式浮式风机平台进行数值计算,分析了影响海上浮式风机平台首摇运动的一系列重要因素及其变化规律(如风向变化、浪向变化、陀螺力矩等)。研究了平台首摇运动所诱导的风机系统动力响应,发现浮式风机首摇运动不仅会加剧平台耦合运动响应,而且还会影响风机的气动性能和加剧锚泊张力波动。提出并探讨了几种减小海上浮式风机支撑平台首摇运动的方法。  相似文献   

结合云计算与大数据的出租房消防安全监管GIS     

徐刚  杨立博  裴政皓  陈杰 《测绘通报》2019,(8):121-124,157

我国城镇化进程和经济发展效果卓著，但消防建设规划与城市扩张发展之间并不协调。虽然现有研究已经运用GIS技术到消防安全监管当中，但依然存在信息联动性不强，可视化程度低的问题。为此，本文基于地理信息系统技术对城市开发区内地理信息数据、多源多时态遥感及航空影像、巡查数据、出租房数据等进行有效整合完善，以建立时空地理信息大数据。笔者利用虚拟化、云计算等技术建立出租房消防安全动态监管平台。此平台为管理部门提供了基于地理信息的决策支持，提升了出租房管理的高效性和科学性。系统的建成和应用对我国的出租房管理信息化工作的开展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

高烈度区双洞隧道洞口段地震响应分析与振动台模型试验          下载免费PDF全文

皇民  苑俊杰  赵玉如  毕洁同  王松 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2020,31(1):113-119

强震作用下,隧道地下结构损伤严重,其中洞口段更是抗震的薄弱环节,但其影响规律和特点目前尚缺乏系统的计算分析和研究。以强震区扯羊隧道为例,首先采用FLAC3D对双洞隧道洞口段地震响应进行分析,再用模型试验的方法进行洞口段模型试验,测量其地震响应应变规律,观测其震害发展情况,并与数值分析结果相互验证。结果表明:地震作用下,隧道仰拱横向位移较大;随着隧道埋深增加,内力逐步增加,其中墙角部位内力较大;洞口处隧道围岩在强震作用下会产生贯通性裂缝,影响隧道洞口稳定;地震作用下的明洞与暗洞交接处内力较大;地震作用下的双洞隧道之间存在较强的动力相互作用。  相似文献   

橡胶砂弹性动力学参数的弯曲-伸缩元试验研究     

姚玉文  刘方成  补国斌  景立平 《岩土力学》2020,41(7):2369-2379

橡胶砂作为一种廉价环保的土工材料，应用前景十分广阔，关于其力学特性的研究具有重要意义。采用弯曲–伸缩元法对橡胶砂进行了剪切波和压缩波联合测试，分别采用离散频率扫描法和初达波法确定了剪切波和压缩波的传播时间，进而得到其弹性动力学参数：初始剪切模量、侧限模量和泊松比，分析了橡胶含量和围压对橡胶砂弹性动力学参数的影响。结果表明：在同样围压下，随着橡胶含量的增加，橡胶砂初始剪切模量和侧限模量逐渐减小，初始泊松比逐渐增大；在同样橡胶含量下，随着围压的增大，橡胶砂初始剪切模量和侧限模量逐渐增大，初始泊松比逐渐减小。最后，在此基础上进行了两种因素耦合效应的分析以及相关力学机制的探讨。  相似文献   

A new numerical approach to the hyperstatic reaction method for segmental tunnel linings     

Ngoc Anh Do  Daniel Dias  Pierpaolo Oreste  Irini Djeran‐Maigre 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(15):1617-1632

This paper proposes a numerical approach to the hyperstatic reaction method (HRM) for the analysis of segmental tunnel linings. The influence of segmental joints has been considered directly using a fixity ratio that is determined on the basis of the rotational stiffness. The parameters necessary for the calculation are presented. A specific implementation has been developed using a FEM framework. This code is able to consider the three‐dimensional (3D) effect of segment joints in successive rings on the tunnel lining behaviour. The present HRM allows one to take an arbitrary distribution of segment joints along the tunnel boundary into consideration. In addition, the rotational stiffness of segment joints has been simulated using nonlinear behaviour, as it is closer to the true behaviour of a joint than linear or bilinear behaviour. The numerical results of three hypotheses on ring interaction, which allow the 3D effect of a segmental tunnel lining to be taken into account, have been compared with data obtained from the shield‐driven tunnel of the Bologna–Florence high‐speed railway line project. The numerical results presented in the paper show that the proposed HRM can be used to effectively estimate the behaviour of a segmental tunnel lining. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Torsional dynamic response of a large‐diameter pipe pile in viscoelastic saturated soil     

Changjie Zheng  Hanlong Liu  Xuanming Ding  Yaru Lv 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(16):1724-1743

An analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the dynamic response of a large‐diameter end‐bearing pipe pile subjected to torsional loading in viscoelastic saturated soil. The wave propagation in saturated soil and pile are simulated by Biot's two‐phased linear theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the outer soil, inner soil, and pile are established. The solutions for the outer and inner soils in frequency domain are obtained by Laplace transform technique and the separation of variables method. Then, the dynamic response of the pile is obtained on the basis of the perfect contacts between the pile and the outer soil as well as the inner soil. The results in this paper are compared with that of a solid pile in elastic saturated soil to verify the validity of the solution. Furthermore, the solution in this paper is compared with the classic plane strain solution to verify the solution further and check the accuracy of the plane strain solution. Numerical results are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics and illustrate the effect of the soil parameters and the geometry size of the pile on the complex impedance and velocity admittance of the pile head. Finally, the displacement of the soil at different depth and frequency is analyzed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献